How are tension and suspense created in The Signalman and...

How are tension and suspense created in The Signalman and The Red Room? My aim is to analyse the way which tension suspense is built up in two Victorian stories – ‘The Red Room’ (by H.G Wells) and ‘The Signalman’ (by Charles Dickens). These two successful authors were both well known for using suspense and tension in their stories. Wells has written many classical books, which include â€Å"The Time Machine† and â€Å"War of the Worlds†. Dickens has written other illustrious books, such as â€Å"Christmas Carol†, â€Å"Great Expectations†, and â€Å"Oliver Twist†. Also in my analysis I will be briefly mentioning â€Å"The Clubfooted Grocer† (by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle), â€Å"The Monkey’s Paw† (by W. Jacobs) and â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† by (Edgar Allan Poe). All†¦show more content†¦The title itself, ‘The Red Room’, indicates the overall nature of the story. The colour red is a very strong colour and is generally associated with danger or warning. This colour is also largely used in ‘The Signalman’; â€Å"Standing by the red light near the tunnel†. This is trying to give an indication of danger and alertness. It also makes you wonder why the ghost is there and why is it by the red light. It may be to warn the signalman of danger lying ahead. Both these short stories start off at bizarre scenes. The perilous railway and the spooky castle set a sense of mystery straight away at the start. They also begin with direct speech, which attracts the reader’s attention straight from the beginning. When the speech engages the reader, they want to read on and find out more. ‘The Red Room’ begins with; â€Å"I can assure you, that it would take a very tangible ghost to frighten me.† This engages the reader into the situation and the topic and briefly tells them the main theme of the whole story straight away. The author does not directly refer to the characters by their name, which creates a sense of the unknown. â€Å"The man with the withered arm†. Telling the name of the characters would be to revealing, and HG Wells intends to keep the characters mysterious. In â€Å"The Signalman†, an unnamed narrator shouts the words; â€Å"Halloa! Below there!† Again, the use of direct speech engages theShow MoreRelated The Signalman and the Red Room are well known examples of nineteenth692 Words   |  3 PagesThe Signalman and the Red Room are well known examples of nineteenth century ghost stories. Write a critical comparison of these two stories. A critical comparison of The Signalman and the Red Room which are well known examples of nineteenth century ghost stories The Signalman and the Red Room are well known examples of nineteenth century ghost stories. Write a critical comparison of these two stories. The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G.Wells are bothRead More The Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G. Wells3559 Words   |  15 PagesThe Signalman by Charles Dickens and The Red Room by H.G. Wells To be denied of information as a reader is far more powerful than to know the truth. In this assignment I will be looking at the two short stories written in the 1800’s: â€Å"The Red Room† by H.G.Wells where a man goes into an apparently haunted room and although he is warned by other old characters he does not listen and the tension builds up as he goes into the room where fear gets the better of him in a room which might Read MoreThe Language in The Red Room by H G Wells and The Signalman by Charles Dickens597 Words   |  3 PagesThe Language in The Red Room by H G Wells and The Signalman by Charles Dickens Throughout, The Signalman has suspense and the tension is gripping, as the author, Dickens, has used exceedingly good description in the language and the setting is just perfect. Dickens had an advantage when writing this story as there were similarities between himself and some of the characters; since he had been involved in a train accident himself. He creates mystery in this book veryRead MoreHow Writers of 19th Century Stories Create Tension and Suspense1456 Words   |  6 PagesHow Writers of 19th Century Stories Create Tension and Suspense The writers in 19th century stories create tension and suspense through the use of gothic horror. This style of writing is designed to frighten and panic and cause dread and alarm. It innovates our hidden worst fears often in a terrifying, shocking finale, while captivating and entertaining us at the same time in a cathartic experience. Horrors effectively centre on the dark side of life, the forbidden, Read MoreEssay on The Signalman by Charles Dickens3739 Words   |  15 PagesThe Signalman by Charles Dickens Halloa! Below there! †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ A small expression that once understood strikes you with an essence of alarm, fear and intrigue. Throughout the short story of The Signalman, this quote was used several times and was repeated by several characters. Coincidence? Charles Dickens invites you to decide. This dissertation from www.coursework.info For the duration of this half term we have studied numerous short stories from the book Telling Tales. Throughout thisRead MoreThe Use of Language in The Red Room and The Signalman Essay2418 Words   |  10 PagesHow is language used to create atmosphere in The Red Room and The Signalman? In this essay I will be comparing two stories The Signalman and The Red Room, I will be looking at the language techniques and how they are used throughout the stories. All language techniques are used for a reason and in this case it is used to create atmosphere and also keep the readers attention. The stories are both Victorian and remembered for their supernatural content as well as the actual story. The SignalmanRead More The Signalman, by Charles Dickens; The Battler by Ernest Hemingway2784 Words   |  12 PagesThe Signalman, by Charles Dickens; The Battler by Ernest Hemingway - In what way do the two authors create and maintain interest and suspense in their stories? In Charles Dickens The Signalman the story starts by introducing the main character (a railway signalman). Another character is also introduced: the narrator. Dickens describes the signalman as a dark sallow man and as having a dark beard and heavy eyebrows. It seems that Dickens wishes to portray the signalman as a darkRead More The Signalman by Charles Dickens, The Adventure of the Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman3758 Words   |  16 PagesThe Signalman by Charles Dickens, The Adventure of the Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, and The Yellow Wallpaper by Charlotte Perkins Gilman People have written short stories for hundreds of years; however it was not until the 19th century that they really became popular. Short stories were the ideal form for writers who wanted to earn some immediate money and reach a wide audience. As more people were given the chance of receiving basic education, literacy rates improved and moreRead More This essay will consider four of this type of story, by short story2235 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will consider four of this type of story, by short story writers of the period; Dickens’ The Signal Man, The Monkeys Paw’ by W W Jacobs, H G Wells The Red Room and The Dream Woman by Wilkie Collins. LOOKING AT THE ATTUTUDES OF THE PERIOD, EXAMINE HOW A RANGE OF 19TH CENTURY WRITERS CREATE MYSTERY AND SUSPENSE IN THEIR SHORT SHORIES The rise in popularity of magazines in Victorian times and the era’s fascination in the unknown and supernatural led to immense interest in theRead MoreThe Signalman by Charles Dickens and Harry by Rosemary Timperley1831 Words   |  8 PagesThe Signalman by Charles Dickens and Harry by Rosemary Timperley After reading The Signalman by Charles Dickens and Harry by Rosemary Timperley, I have come to the conclusion that I prefer Harry. Both stories, however, are brilliantly written ghost stories with well-created atmospheres and plots that create tension and suspense. The Signalman, by Charles Dickens, is a pre-20th century story which is set in the 1800s. It takes place by a train line and in a

Essay on Teen Pregnancy - 1041 Words

It has been said that teens across the world have not been receiving enough sex education. This has led to many issues with teens becoming pregnant, which most of the time is unanticipated. Teenage pregnancy has been a social problem throughout the world for a number of decades now. Many studies have been completed in several countries that pertain to the amount of teens and the types of teens who are becoming pregnant. Rates among teens had been declining for some time, but are starting to take a turn and increase. This is still a significant social problem, though some people do not perceive it like it is. There are various reasons as to why this is such a large social problem. There is not a clear answer as to why teens are†¦show more content†¦According to an American study, â€Å"750,000 girls get pregnant each year, 31% of teenage girls get pregnant at least once before the turn 20, and the federal government spends about $7 billion to help families that origin ate with a teen mother† (Gilbert, 2007). Studies have shown throughout these countries that America still has the highest rate of teen pregnancy. In Canada, â€Å"the teen birth rate declined from 35.7 per 1000 in 1974 to 14.4 in 2003† (McKay, 2006). This statement was made referring to the United States, â€Å"Since the teen birthrate is on the rise for the first time in 15 years, it is critically important to focus resources and attention on this problem† (Docksai, 2010). The teen birthrates maybe declining in other territories around the world, but the U.S. is starting to see an increase. Many people believe that anyone that becomes a teen parent is someone who is coming from a poor or broken home, but this is definitely not the case. A survey that was completed in the United States found that â€Å"41% of U.S. teen parents come from homes at or above 200% of the federal poverty line, and 70% were raised in two-parent homes† (Docksai, 2010). This shows that there are teens that are seen as â€Å"normal† to society becoming pregnant. The results of the numerous people who completed the survey proved what a lot of other people thought about the home life of a teen parent. â€Å"Two-thirds of U.S. adults assume that most teen parents were raised in homesShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy1426 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Teen pregnancy is often unplanned and challenging for the future life of mother and child. The increase risk of health problems for both mother and baby occur during teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy impacts adolescent development in all aspects: physical, emotional, cognitive, and social development. Negative consequences result from teen pregnancy include: low income, increased school dropout rates, lower educational levels, and increased rates of substance abuse (Garwood, Gerassi, ReidRead MoreTeen Pregnancy1023 Words   |  5 PagesDoes access to condoms prevent teen pregnancy? Adolescent pregnancies remain a concern in public health worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has indicated that annually about 16 million girls between 15 and 19 give birth. Indeed, in many countries policies and programs are developed and implemented for the prevention of teen pregnancy and reduction of risks and consequences it might cause. Furthermore, that a teenager becomes pregnant poses a risk to her health, her life and the fetusRead MoreTeen Pregnancy1246 Words   |  5 PagesA topic in American society that has proved to be an ongoing, and growing issue is that none other than teen pregnancy. In recent years, teen pregnancy rates have been increasing, which ultimately led to the topics increase of public and media attention. In American society teen pregnancy is often associated with negligence, as well as being irresponsible. In American society sex education for children is underdeveloped and instead society tends to use fear and shame to highlight/combat the dangersRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1546 Words   |  7 PagesTeenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20 at the time that the pregnancy ends. Low-income communities have the highest teenage pregnancy rates in the United States. Because of the fact that this is a very controversial issue in the United States, it is very important that most questions be addressed. Questions like, why is a teenage girl in Mississippi four times as likely to give birth as a teenage girl in New Hampshire? Or why is the teen birth rate in Massachusetts 19Read MoreTeen Pregnancy : Teenage Pregnancy1404 Words   |  6 PagesLauryn Jones Block 5 4/27/16 What is Teen Pregnancy? Teenage pregnancy is pregnancy in human females under the age of 20. A girl can become pregnant from sexual intercourse after she has begun to ovulate which can be before her first menstrual period, but usually occurs after the onset of her periods. In well-nourished girls, menarche usually takes place around the age of 12 or 13. Most teenage girls don t plan to get pregnant, but many do. Teen pregnancies carry extra health risks to both the motherRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1057 Words   |  5 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a common thing here in America. It seems teens are getting pregnant more than the average married couple. There are some risk factors teen moms face and there is also another great turn outs. There is a major difference between the two. It’s important to tell teens the turnouts of teen pregnancy for the good and bad parts. There are risks of having sex, teen moms can make a difference for her and the baby, the risk of having HIV and/or any other STD’s, and the effects on theRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1341 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage pregnancy is a prominent dilemma in our nation because it continues to place adolescents into delinquency. According to the United States Health and Human Services, three out of ten American teen girls will become pregnant at least once before they reach the age of twenty. That is nearly 750,000 teen pregnancies in a year (1) (HHS Pg.2 2014). Also according to U.S. Department of State, teen pregnancy budgets the United States and tax payers approximately seven billion dollars annually (2)Read MoreTeenage Pregnancy And Teen Pregnancy1664 Words   |  7 PagesTerrazas English 4 Miss Stahlecker 4 November 2015 Teenage Pregnancy According to cda.org, in 2013, a total of 273,105 babies were born to women that were in between the ages of 15-19 years old. Teenage pregnancy is a major concern in today’s society. This paper will talk about teenage pregnancy, statistics, ways to prevent teenage pregnancy, and after birth options. So why is teenage pregnancy so important? Some people are concerned about teens getting pregnant at such an early age. There are otherRead MoreEffects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teens1643 Words   |  7 PagesEvery teen has dream about how they want to graduate from high school and then go to college, but some teens are not willing to take the challenge. Some of these teens want to drop out of high school and other teens want to keep furthering their education. For some there are obstacle that life throw at them to be able to accomplish their goals. Earning an education is challenging enough, but when there is a teen parent trying to finish their education it becomes more difficult than it would beRead MoreThe Effects Of Teen Pregnancy On Teens978 Words   |  4 Pagesare getting younger in age, and the birth rate is rising higher. Mississippi has the highest birth rates in teen pregnancy, and has held this title for the past few years. This problem has had such a rise to fame becau se this is a problem that can be prevented. Parents and communities should take action to help lower the teen pregnancy birth rate in Mississippi. Since the birth rate in teens is so high that means there is more need of government assistance. This becomes such a problem in states because

Logistics Management Important features of Qube Logistics

Question: Describethe important features of Qube, and identify logistics management strategies to resolve the issues. Answer: Introduction Qube Logisticsis a diversified infrastructure and logistics company inAustralia. It was reformed in 2010; when the KFM, an investment trust Diversified Infrastructure and Logistics Fund got hold of Kaplan Equity and developed into a standardized operating company, re-branded as Qube Logistics. Qube acquired absolute control and mainstream ownership of PO in April 2011. Qube Holdings Limited operates services covering rail and road transport, distribution and warehousing, container parks and other related services; intermodal logistics hubs together with international freight forwarding and rail terminals. These services are combined as tailored or an integrated solution to meet individual customer needs. Over the past few years, Qube has extensively expanded and developed its logistics group to become the biggest service provider of logistics in Australia. The motive of the assignment is to highlight the different problems or issues related to the logistics in the area of NSW and the way to improve the following issues is recommended. The involvement of the government is very much important in these matters and the areas where the government will intervene are also focused upon (www.qube.com.au 2016). Important features of Qube Logistics Services Qube Logistics became the only Australian Company by formulating the idea of involving like port services into single operating group and to offer all land and international logistics services in-house to maintain control over the whole process. Qube in Australia is the only largest provider of amalgamated wharf cartage and port logistics services. The cut-edge technology drives the Qubes national infrastructure and network all over Australia. They try to deliver the best in international and landside logistics results in Australia. Facilities Qube is serving export and import oceanic container provision includes within Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney, Adelaide and Perth. All the companys Logistics assets are established to maximize the efficiencies of the customers. The Qube Logistics have an all-multi-user terminals that are tactfully located and are used for interstate, port shuttles, and regional services of rail. This enables a seamless network to depot, container park facilities and warehousing as well as all export and import movements. By operating uninterruptedly 24/7 in its largest ports, it can offer its clients supreme synergies. This widespread network of its owned facilities enables it to provide a premium, countrywide services meeting any sort of challenges (www.qube.com.au 2016). Technology This company provides 24/7 real-time status and tracking with the help of state-of-the-art technology. The technology they offer includes: Geo-fence GPS-based technology Warehouse and Transport visibility system Global trace and track system All the landside business operations of Qube Logistics are operated by single Nation-wide system and technology, which is updated and tracked by all time online tracking system. All its trucks are equipped with GPS systems and the PODs are sent automatically after electronic acceptance. All the freights are tracked in real time without drivers activation with messages intimating the status of the vehicles sent automatically based on Geo-fences. Any client can track and enjoy Business-to-Business (B2B) interfaces on their technology operating systems by updating real-time data. Global 24/7 Tracking System Qubes Global Tracking secure tracing and tracking tool convey complete consignment visibility. It lets the client review their report and order progress on completed orders. Client can access their shipment details, reports and documents; they can also download their own key incident data. The Gateway of Qube lets its clients see all of their data so they always know about all the details and status of their cargos. Qube can tailor reporting system and KPIs to clients business operations; also have more than 200 main events that produce customized email alerts. Social Responsibility Community The Qube Logistics is dedicated to working with domestic communities and contributing its financial assistance and services to other local causes. Every year, the company identifies charities and communities it wishes to take care of. Few of them are identified as Beyond Blue, Wilderness Society, Royal Children Hospital QLD, Royal Children Hospital VIC, Rotary Club, Lions club. The Company supported the Victorian bushfire tragedy and ongoing recovery. Environment Qube Logistics is faithful to a sustainable environment across all external operations and within the company. They provide a secure working environment for its employees and any other person they meet. Companys policy ensures its customers and employees are attentive of their enduring responsibilities to their workplace and the surroundings. Safety Safety is a core value of Qube Logistics. Their safety operating methods and practices are business leading and are intended to eliminate all injuries and accidents. Qube Logistics inspiring safety record is the consequence of senior supervision ensuring all contractors, visitors and employees are acceptably skilled, briefed and trained on safety. Operations in New South Wales Qube Logistics in New South Wales (NSW) operates from four sites as follows: Port Botany Filght Terminal Port Botany Intermodal Terminal Macarthur Intermodal Terminal Yennora Intermodal Terminal Two sites are operative within Port Botany named Port Botany Empty Park and Port Botany Freight Terminal. Macarthur Intermodal Terminal is established within the increasing southwestern urban region supporting both Regional and Port activities. Forth site, Yennora Intermodal Terminal, is situated in the Western suburbs enabling rail access direct from Port Botany wharf workstation to Yennora Intermodal Terminal. Total cargo space capacity for all the above listed facilities collectively is in excess of eight thousand FCL containers and nine thousand Empty containers. Main issues of Logistics Network in NSW New South Wales is land bordered by South Australia, Victoria and Queensland and has a long coastal area bordered by Murray river. Geographically this area is diverse and this company is facing a serious issue in providing the logistics services in this area, due to the diversity in the geographical area. The management of the company in a recent survey has confessed that the logistics system in this particular area needs to be changed. The main logistics issues faced by the company in the area are the large number of service providers in the area and non-specific targeting of the market (Luo 2013). There are a growing number of frictions among the regional government and the interstate government regarding providing the services. Moreover, there is a acute lack of dedicated corridors along the geographical areas. Geographical diversity and intense competition in the limited geographical areas makes it difficult for the company to operate the business successfully and make profits. Moreover, there is a lack of the dedicated corridors, like public transport, freight and others. This creates confusion and the chances of fatal accidents are higher in this region (Novellani 2014). It becomes difficult for the company to lay new rail tracks and at the same time, there is a crisis in the expansion of the business due to the intense competition in the market. All these create logistics problems in the New South Wales division and the company is facing problems in the above-mentioned areas. The company even if launches expansion plans in the particular area, they will not be able to successfully implement the plan due to congestion in the market. Moreover, the road networks in the South Wales are really bad and the conditions is getting worse by each passing day. The toll taxes in the particular area increases the costs of the operations and the company is finding it difficult to operate within the tight cost framework. It is affecting the profitability of the concern and is a major area of concern to the company (Grobelny and Michalski 2016). There are many remote areas in the given area, and at the same time the number of petrol pumps and gas stations is very few, and this creates problem in the operations. Moreover, mining sites often comes in the area of operations and these two factors creates a sort of nexus among them thus hampering the operations of the company (Ning 2013). It is indeed difficult to operate for the company with such difficulties and at the same time make profits within the tight framework. The problems related to infrastructure needs long term planning, huge investments and a focus on the public policies. Planning forms, the basis of any changes and the planning has to be made with consultation of different other governing bodies as well as different other sectors. Other sectors also make the use of the logistics and it is important for the company to consider the impact of the changes that will affect the other relevant sectors. Without proper research, the company cannot implement the changes. The benefit must accrue to the company as well as to the different other sectors, so that the company improves the operations (Grobelny and Michalski 2016). Investments are mandatory for making the changes in the public transport and it may be difficult for the company to make investments alone. Government has to take initiative in making the investments along with the different companies as this investment falls under public spending and the government has a different budgetary allocation for the same purpose. The area where it is important to invest are the road and rail infrastructure (Novellani 2014). The prime focus will be to focus on the general infrastructure so that the problems related to the logistics get reduced and the operations of the company become smooth. Moreover, there needs to be more number of dedicated freight corridors so that the distinction becomes obvious among the different types of transports and there is a smooth flow of traffics. Smooth flow will ensure rapid transportation and at the same time, improve the feasibility (Luo 2013). A dedicated single party management is required to manage the network access and manage the overall transportation. This fact is again in the hands of the government and the management needs to be changed. On the part of the company, certain small changes in the managerial functionaries can affect the performance of the company. Transparency and single window for clearing the different issues regarding the functioning of the company is of prime importance. This act needs to be made both at the government level as well as at the company level (Nikolaenko and Shugaley 2014). Pricing is an important criteria for the changes to be implemented and the company must try to make the pricing policies as commodity based and necessary allowances must be reflected in the growth of the freight networks. The interpretation must be made with an ease of interpretation as well as consistency among the different stakeholders. The role of the government is indispensable in the functioning of the logistics and to bring about change in the particular domain. To bring a change in the existing process, it is the government who has to invest funds in the in the development of the infrastructure. Logistics will develop only when the existing infrastructure is matured and developed and the company will not have any problem in operating (Ning 2013). Government will create and build infrastructure for the entire industry and not for any one particular company. This uplifts the industry and helps them to achieve the objectives of the companies. The impact will be on the entire economy of the area and this will help the company in attracting investments and boost the entire economy. On the other hand, as per the statements provided by Anand et al (2012) planning plays an important role in the logistics division and the planning is to be made for the long-term value creation, rather than for the short-term value creation. Moreover, the planning must be made on a neutral basis and it is important for the company to remain partial and look at the greater good of all the business houses. If the planning is done properly then it will really improve the conditions of the logistics in NSW. Planning for the sake of planning is not all, proper implementation of the same plan is also important. Implementation stage is vital issues in any governing body and the government of NSW must try to stick to the plan and implement it properly. This is an useful tool and the government when implements it properly makes for a useful decision making. Single management or a single window screen for clearing all the issues related to the logistics is very much important. It will reduce the level of redundancy and at the same time, the work will be very fast. Fast movement of the different issues and quick decision-making is very much important in implementing changes. Changes are important in any concern and at the same time it is important for the government to take charges of all the different vital matters related to it. Conclusion After analyzing the entire report, it can be concluded that Qube Logistics is a market leader in the field of logistics and this company has an ambitious plan of expanding the operations of the company. This company is facing different issues relating to logistics and those problems are highlighted in the report. The problems that are highlighted are severe in nature and the company must take urgent action to rectify the course of action and make amendments urgently. It is observed that the company alone can make not all the changes in the logistics division and the government has to intervene with related matters. The matters in which the government has to take part are of public interest in nature and it is important that all those factors are given due importance. Reference Anand, N., Quak, H., van Duin, R. and Tavasszy, L., 2012. City logistics modeling efforts: Trends and gaps-A review.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,39, pp.101-115. Barbati, M., Bruno, G. and Genovese, A., 2012. Applications of agent-based models for optimization problems: A literature review.Expert Systems with Applications,39(5), pp.6020-6028. De Rosa, V., Gebhard, M., Hartmann, E. and Wollenweber, J., 2013. Robust sustainable bi-directional logistics network design under uncertainty.International Journal of Production Economics,145(1), pp.184-198. Ferreira, M.A.M., Filipe, J.A., Andrade, M. and Coelho, M., 2012. Using infinite servers queue systems busy period to solve logistics problems.International Journal of Academic Research,4(3). Grobelny, J. and Michalski, R., 2016. A Concept of a Flexible Approach to the Facilities Layout Problems in Logistics Systems. InInformation Systems Architecture and Technology: Proceedings of 36th International Conference on Information Systems Architecture and TechnologyISAT 2015Part I(pp. 171-181). Springer International Publishing. Hemmelmayr, V.C., Cordeau, J.F. and Crainic, T.G., 2012. An adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic for two-echelon vehicle routing problems arising in city logistics.Computers operations research,39(12), pp.3215-3228. Luo, J., 2013.Modelling of quayside logistics problems at container terminals(Doctoral dissertation, University of Southampton). Mancini, S., Gonzalez-Feliu, J. and Crainic, T.G., 2014. Planning and optimization methods for advanced urban logistics systems at tactical level. InSustainable Urban Logistics: Concepts, Methods and Information Systems(pp. 145-164). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Min, H. and Kim, I., 2012. Green supply chain research: past, present, and future.Logistics Research,4(1-2), pp.39-47. Nikolaenko, A.E. and Shugaley, O.A., 2014. Forming optimal routes in the problems of transport logistics by use of GIS technology.Astronomical Schools Report,10(2), pp.141-144. Ning, L., 2013. Analysis of e-commerce logistics problems under the background of information.Electronic Test,8, p.071. Novellani, S., 2014. Models and algorithms for the optimization of real-world routing and logistics problems.4OR, pp.1-2. Pedraza Martinez, A.J., Stapleton, O. and Van Wassenhove, L.N., 2013. On the use of evidence in humanitarian logistics research.Disasters,37(s1), pp.S51-S67.